Essay example --

rib Rica is a small, democratic country, located in Central America. Nicaragua is to the north of Costa Rica and Panama to the southeast and it is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east. The country is very small, only virtually 32,000 square miles and is slightly smaller than the state of westside Virginia (CIA, para. 2 2013). This beautiful country only covers about 0.03% of the earths surface, yet contains about 5% of the biodiversity in the world (Visit Costa Rica, para. 2). The climate is tropic and subtropical and has four volcanoes, two of which are still active (CIA, 2013, para. 2). The population of Costa Rica is 4,805,000 (WHO, 2009). The population growth is roughly 1.27% annually (CIA, 2013, para 3). About 64% of the countrys population lives in urban areas (CIA, 2013, para. 3). Although Central America is considered poor by many, Costa Ricas poverty rate is lower than its populate countries it is about 20% percent (CIA , 2013, para. 3). In 2012, the gross domestic profit (GDP) was $59.79 billion, or $12,800 per capita (CIA, 2013, para 3). A considerable amount of the countrys income comes from rustic exports and tourism (CIA, 2013, para. 5). Agriculture makes up about 6.2% of the GPD and industry makes up about 2.5% of the (CIA, 2013, para. 5). Costa Rica was first settled in 1522 (Michigan State University (MSU), n.d., para. 1). It was settled as a colony by the Spanish in 1563 (CIA, 2013, para. 1). In 1821 along with the other provinces in Central America, it announced its independence from Spain (MSU, n.d., para. 3). Then in 1838 Costa Rica proclaimed itself sovereign (CIA, 2013, para. 1). In 1899 Costa Rica began its democracy by having the first true e... ...Many poor countries suffer much worse public health problems and disasters than the people of Costa Rica, but they are very fortunate to have the health system that they have in place. In 2011, Costa Ricas health expenditure on h ealth care was 10.9% of the GDP (CIA, 2013, para. 3). This is one of the highest in the world. The Ministry of Health is able to focus on influencing public policies, create policies to protect the health of the people and take into account guidance. They are always investigating new trends in medicine and finding the best way to help the Costa Rican public. It seems that the focus of the Ministry of Health and the CCSS is more about the care and the health of the people, even though the health expenditure is so high compared to most other countries. They do have this money to spend partially because of the lack of any military forces to finance.

Analysis of Willa Cathers OPioneers! :: Willa Cathers OPioneers! Literature Essays

Analysis of Willa Cathers OPioneersWilla Cathers high hat known novel, OPioneers, is an epic story of hope and courage in the easy 1800s on the American frontier. During the story, the main character Alexandra Bergson grows to love her land in central Nebraska. The land is her home and livelihood. The land is the reason her father moved them in that respect in early 1880s. The land known as the Divide proves to be a very tough place to live. It will drive many of the settlers away, nevertheless in time shows the strength and strong-willed personality of Alexandra. This story represents an unconventional love story where there is more love from a person for the land, quite than for a human being.When John Bergson, Alexandras father dies, she inherits the farm and takes the responsibility of taking c are of the land. He entrusts her with the farm because he knows she will work unmanageable to save the farm. Because she is the oldest child, she must set the example for her younger brothers Emil, Lou, and Oscar. (The story gives very little reference to their mother, who also dies.) As the story progresses, Alexandra learns new farming techniques from Ivar (who later(prenominal) becomes a servant) and the farm soon becomes more successful than any of the other farms on the Divide. About three years after the story begins, Carl Linstrum, Alexandras best friend moves away. This is very hard for Alexandra because they are very close. Carl is the only person who understands her. This is not the only hardship that she has to endure moreover, her closest brother, Emil, and her best friend Marie Shabata are killed later on in the story by Maries jealous husband Frank.Alexandra looks at the land uniform it is her best friend, possibly even like a human being. She constantly looks for ways to improve it. This gives her more pleasure than anything else, and yet she is comfortable with being emotionless from her the outside world.

Racial Equality and the Abolition of Slavery in France :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Racial Equality and the Abolition of Slavery in France When Abb Siyes wondered, What is the Third Estate or be slaves? Nothing. What has it have they been until now in the political order? Nothing. What does it do they want? To be become something (65), he could have just as easily spoken of slaves misery sort of than the Third Estates plight. While, his scope was limited, his pains were non. Following their first revolution, the French National Assembly helped to change the world. Enlightened, they saw, they defined, they tried to ease all of mankinds suffering. Finally, the term man began to clear color. If man has rights, they must apply to all men. And thus, the concept of racial equality is born. I will argue in order to achieve this end, and to prove the necessary of racial equality, Enlightened thinkers exposed flaws in current social philosophy, demonstrated the logical conclusions of their progress, and finally addressed the implications of abolition. Marquis de Condorc et was an outspoken advocate for all forms of homophile rights-religious, gender, political and especially racial. In his Dedicatory Epistle to the Negro Slaves he writesMy Friends, Although I am not the same color as you, I have always regarded you as my brothers. Nature formed us with the same spirit, the same reason, the same virtues as whitesYour tyrants will reproach meindeed, nothing is more common than the maxims of humanity and justice trim back a man to slaverytakes from the slave not only all forms of property but also the ability to acquire it (56).Condorcet employs the technique of de/humanizing his subjects to display the despotic nature of slavery. Moderates, slaves, and whites-anyone could achieve slave status under these random means. Society needs to prevent subordination. The white Condorcet speaks almost in apostrophe the style of his introduction greatly resembles an ode. Addressing the slaves in this manner gives even more deference to the lowly slaves. Simil arly, the slaves have been elevated to My Friends, further humanizing their cause. Although Condorcet was a well-respected member of the National Assembly, he relates to the slaves how he is not one of the them. The ordered diction again serves to equate a white man to a slave. This segments tone lacks both condescension and sarcasm. He nearly supplicates to the slaves for their quintessence. His friends-the blacks-are his brethren. If he shares spirit, virtues, and reasons with slaves, what is to distinguish them?

Constitutional Framers Essay -- American History, Washington D.C.

The Constitutional Framers envisioned a national government that, like Platos cave, would be at a place and out of sight of the everyday affairs and thoughts of ordinary Americans. They had envisioned majuscule D.C. to be a cultural mecca on par with the capitals of European nations, both economically and socially. The reality of the Washington Community was a disaster compared to the lofty ambitions of the founding fathers a desolate purgatory to be endured. The socially and economically barren capital unite Spartan living conditions with isolation. High turnover was prevalent in both the house and senate a disappointment to the Federalists who had hoped for institutional memory within congress. Instead of creating the spic-and-span form of national and long term thinking by men of prominence, congressmen turned to fellow members of boarding houses for a sense of legitimacy and guidance. Boarding houses were nonionic along regional lines and served to enforce differences b etween geographical communities the isolation the founders had hoped would lead to a unique national identity inadvertently strengthened regional ties. The Framers had to withdraw the Washington community removing congressmen from the outside influence of state politics would protect against corruption. From this time until the objective was realized, it was never seriously disputed that the government ought to have a home and to wield sole authority over the environs and when Congress at last reached its permanent abode in Washington, that body showed how dearly it prized its granting immunity from local interference by refusing the Districts citizenry the right of formal participation in not only national and similarly state government (Young, p.96).... ...ir extra official life their constitutional separation in official life (Young, p. 120). In the early Washington community, the framers achieved isolation but this did not produce the anticipated result of national mi nd set and body of thought. Rather than elevating the nations leaders to a place of prominence, the Washington Community provided no sense of legitimacy. Barbaric conditions and isolation reinforced regional ties congressmen generally endured a single term before returning to the prestigious and advantageously more comfortable job of state politics. Rather than motived by legacy, congressional terms seemed a hardship everyone was eventually forced endure at some(a) point in their political career. The Constitutional Framers succeeded in some aspects but their vision was circumvented by the wasteland which served as the new nations capital.

eBay Analysis Essay -- Case Study SWOT Business Model, solution

I. eBays VisionII. eBays Business ModelIII. Industry Analysis Background Porters five forces SWOT analysisIV. eBay FinancialsV. sum-up and RecommendationsI. eBays Vision eBay was founded in the San Jose living room of Pierre Omidyar back in September 1995. The basic vision Omidyar had when he founded what became eBay was to create a mortal to person trading community based on democratic commercialise principles these principles allowed for a free flow of information, communication and ultimately transaction on tens of millions of items by means of the internet. Along with the help of Meg Whitman, a skilled branding manager, and a senior staff from such heavily branded companies as PepsiCo and Disney, they established a strong mission for the company- that eBay be a company that is in the business of connecting people, not selling them things. This founding vision set the course for eBays volatile growth, making it the worlds online marketplace for the sale of goods and services by a diverse community of individuals and businesses. II. eBays Business ModelSince its inception in 1995, eBay has become the market leader and innovator in the online auction industry and its brand has accordingly become synonymous with e-commerce. Rapid growth and being the first to market served eBays competitive strategy of differentiation well there was really nothing like it out there unique service, broad range of products and global reach. In addition, their target audience was quite diverse-on the buyer side you had everyone from hobbyists and collectors to the bargain hunters on the seller side you had antique dealers, casual sellers, mom-and-pop businesses selling unique items and finally sizeable well-known corporations liquidating their inventory. Buyers and sellers are brought together in a manner where sellers are permitted to list items for sale, buyers to bid on items of interest and all eBay users to browse through listed items in a fully automated way. The items are arranged by topics, where each type of auction has its own category.In terms of its core compentencies, eBay has both slick and globalized traditional person-to-person trading in the national and international arena, which had typically been conducted through such forms as garage sales, collectibles shows, flea markets and more, with their web interfac... ...ompetition. eBay has proven itself successful as the first to market-it should use its experience to be the first to market in places like India or Poland. Exhibit 1. SWOT analysis of eBayStrengthsBrand image efficiency to sell unique products/product diversitySheer volume of transactionsCommunity and feedback forumSafety featuresKeen acumen in managing the value mountain chainSenior managementStrong financials-revenue growth, profit margin, stock price, etc.First to marketWeaknessesInability to sell at high volumesSlower response to theme overloadFraud cases/nonpayment to sellersOpportunitiesValue chain partne rs/alliances/acquisitionsDeveloping nations going online Their wider view of market penetrationFixed price transactionThreatsTechnology threats such as viruses, power outages, system overloadLoss of market share in online auction industryRevenue/market share loss payable to fixed price auctionsHigh profile fraud cases/security breachesPolitical unrest, currency volatility in developing markets

Con Artists, and What They Do :: essays research papers

The world we live in today requires us to be entire at whatever c arer we carry or we are not fitting to abet ourselves. In order to be the best we can be, we usually work rocky, practice our chosen field, and tell forth all effort needed to make us good at what we do. There are many ways we can choose to support ourselves. Careers are varied and we have many jobs to choose from. With so many opportunities open to people today, it should be easy to select a career that gives you an fair(a) living. We all want to trust others and hope that people are honest. This, wanting to trust, is what some people use in their chosen careers. People who use others in order to gain an income are known as con artists. To con people means to swindle, or cheat, them and being an artist means that one is rattling skilled at what he does so a con artist is very much capable of cheating others to make a profit.Con artists are everywhere. They seem to sense when other are vulnerable, such as olde r people. Our elderly come from a time when people believed others. They truth their neighbors and friends. If they say they leave do something, they mean they will do it. Our elderly are simply too trusting. It is hard for them to look another person in the eye and lie. It is hard for them to take something that does not belong to them. Unfortunately, the con artist does not have a problem with either lying to people or stealing from them. He has his chosen profession down to the art he has practiced. He is good at what he does because he works at being good at it. The con artist is an actor. He should win an Oscar for his performances. He is able to change personalities like a chameleon changes colors. The con artist can be anything he needs to be for whatever job he is working on at the time. He usually is a very likable person who is able to blend in with others on any occasion or any given situation. Sadly, if these swindlers had chosen to work an honest job, they probably wou ld have been very good at what they did. It requires more planning and convincing to rip people off than it takes to work at a legitimate career.

Executive Summary of Proctor and Gamble :: Bounty Toilet Paper Marketing Essays

Executive Summary of keep an eye on and Gamble reminder & Gamble will introduce the modernistic Bounty Toilet Paper during the first week of December 1999. This brand of toilet paper will take the already established idea employ with Bounty Paper Towels, and modify to the toilet paper world. Bounty has always stressed the idea of taking the least amount of the product, but still get the job done while at same time consisting of a strong durability. Never before has such attributes of durability and effectiveness been used in a toilet paper brand, therefore P&G hopes to establish Bounty Toilet Paper as a leader in the industry. Proctor & Gamble understands the high competition that already exists in the toilet paper industry, but feel that new Bounty Toilet Paper will permute how this industry is geared. In recent times, toilet paper producers put one over stressed comfort and style in the production of their products, but as the times have changed, the American publi c is now more interested in getting the job done in the shortest amount of time with the smallest amount of the product. P&G have produced Bounty Toilet Paper because of this change in the lifestyle of Americans. With this focus on effectiveness and durability, Bounty will go into the new millenary leading the toilet paper world.Company Background Proctor and Gamble was founded in Cincinnati, OH, by William Proctor and James Gamble in 1837. Initially the caller was started to compete with the 14 other soap and candle makers already established in Cincinnati, but around the end of the century, Proctor and Gamble dropped candle manufacturing all to focus on soap production. By 1890, Proctor and Gamble had increased their production to over 30 different types of soap. During 1911, Proctor and Gamble introduced Crisco, the first all-vegetable shortening, root system what would be the first in a long line of different unrelated products the company would develop in the future . Such products include Tide wash detergent, Crest toothpaste, Charmin toilet paper, Pampers baby diapers, Folgers coffee, Bounce fabric softener, Pert Plus shampoo, and Bounty paper towels, just to name a few. With these products, and the more than thousand others, Proctor and Gamble leads the world in sales in almost all categories of household products. Sales hit the one million mark by 1859, nigh 22 years after the company was formed.

Louis XIV :: essays research papers

Louis XIVLouis XIV was a good leader for many reasons, some of which will comeout in this essay. Louis ruled with an urge fist, he didnt let anyone mess withFrance, and if they did , he made them suffer. Second, Louis had mercy on thosewho betrayed him, a trait rarely seen in his day and age. Third most he did hisbest to bring down the nobles of France, particularly the more richer ones whothought they were above the law.Louis ruled with an iron fist he didnt let anyone mess around withFrance, if anyone had the lynchpin to even think about challenging his power everyplacethe people of France he would do he would go out of his way to make them suffer.(*1) At the same time he regarded himself as Gods deputy in France and wouldallow no challenge to his authority, from the Pope or anyone else Louis gotinto many wars while he was convention of France, he was quick to the draw and didnot hesitate to start a war. To show theCatholics that he was still a catholic king ,Louis kept attac h pressureon the French Protestants, until 1685 when he revoked Edict of Nantes. Then heforbid anyone to practice Calvinism. To the people of France this showed greatstrength on the part of Louis, the occurrence that he could keep he kept everyone inFrance inline at the same time. everyone in France obeyed him because he wassuch a grand, rich, fair king. Louis got into many wars with other countriesover the stupidest things, when Charles II were to die with no kids, he madehe tossed to make Louiss grandson the sole beneficiary of the vast inheritanceto be left behind, Louis Accepted the the offer out of pure greed, but thatdicision meant war with Austria. Although, Louis was already getting half ofthe money he still greedily recognised the offer, if he had not accepted theoffer war could have been avoided, but hey we all make mistakesThe second thing about Louis that made him a good leader was that he had pardon on those who betrayed him which was something rarely seen in that tim e.Most Rulers just murdered those who betrayed them, but Louis would jail them. Inthe case of Louiss most important lieutenant, named Mazarin, He was chargedwith defalcation and found guilty then sentenced to banishment from France.Instead of letting the whole ordeal go down Louis intervened and changedMazarins sentence from banishment to imprisonment for life.

Prisons Essays -- Social Issues, Rates of Violence

IntroductionLongitudinal research has been conducted comparing the rate of violence in manful and fe manful prisons. It is primal to do research on this topic because it does not only lead to the conclusion of where is violence prevalent, but focuses on different aspects as well. It focuses on the psychological, social, and sexual side of the inmate. This topic does not only focus on who has the highest rates of violence, but why does that sex have a higher rate. This topic looks deeper at the differences between male and female inmates and what causes them to have high rates of violence. Most people would say that male prisons have a higher rate of violence due to biological reasons. People tend to think that males are more aggressive therefore violence is prevalent in male prisons, yet there is a lot more to this idea. The focus of this paper is to inform if the rates of violence are higher in male or in female prisons and why that is the case. Various key factors have been addressed in relation to this topic. These four factors would not only help in answering the research questions, but open opportunities for similar research to be conducted. This research paper will explore if violence is higher in male or female prisons and why is it high. In order to answer these two research questions, the following factors will be discussed relational violence in womens prison, a comparison of sexual coercion experiences reported by men and women in prison, prisoner confrontations and the search for respect, and the rates of victimization. Theoretical FrameworkThe most important factor regarding the topic on rates of violence in male and female prisons is relational violence in womens prison. This factor is ver... ...ul and relevant. E really wiz study contributed in finding an answer to the research question. The studies showed the factors of why? How? and when? do inmates (males and females) engage in violence and how does this raise the rates of violence. Although all this data was very helpful more research should be performed. There should be more studies focusing on female inmates in order to give a separate understanding of female prisons. Furthermore the studies that do use females as part of the study should increase the prototype size. Authors usually examine large male prove size and only a few female sample sizes. This leaves people with the question of why is there a huge difference between the sample sizes. In conclusion if experimenters would focus on females like they do with males maybe more data can be presented.

Identity in James Baldwin’s Stranger in the Village and Zora Neale Hurs

Identity in James Baldwins Stranger in the Village and Zora Neale Hurstons How it Feels to be drear Me Everyone has a story, a past welcome that has built them up to be the person that they are today. In both James Baldwins Stranger in the Village and Zora Neale Hurstons How it Feels to be Colored Me the presence of conflicting views in their stories holds a large impact on how they later develop as individuals. While Baldwins piece demonstrates the ignorance from society which is project onto him from Swiss villagers, it shares both similarities and differences to the attitudes demonstrated in Hurstons piece influenced by her surroundings. Being that it is difficult to escape the past and the events that have brought strength by dint of triumph, it is definitive to focus ones attention on the present and into the future. Although the past determines who an individual is, the future determines who an individual will become. James Baldwin holds the ability to push through negati ve affiliations in order to r from each one self establishment. As demonstrated in Stranger in the Village, Baldwin is simply just a black opus who was motivated by the need to establish an identity (196). Through his desire of recognition as a human being rather than as an object, Baldwin is spontaneous to look past the ignorance of the Swiss villagers and focus on defining himself. Greeted by the childrens calls of Neger Neger, Baldwin unintentionally finds himself reminiscing (191). Although the childrens label is not meant in a uncomplimentary fashion, it causes Baldwin to surrender to the racial indifference of his past. Baldwin attempts to disregard his unpleasant reflection and justify the fact that change has been made. ... ...experiences and refocus his or her energy toward the future, however, through the works of both James Baldwin and Zora Neale Hurston, it is shown to be possible. Through their experiences they worked to develop their identities, and through the pre sent they looked toward the future in order to reach establishment. It is true that everyone has a story however, it is up to each individual to take that story and make it his or her own by creating an identity for him or herself. Works Cited Baldwin, James. Stranger in the Village. The Norton Reader. Ed. Linda H. Peterson and John C. Brereton. 11th ed. mod York Norton, 2004. 360-68. Hurston, Zora N. How It Feels to Be Colored Me. Grammar and Composition - Homepage of About Grammar and Composition. Web. 08 Dec. 2009. .

Identity in James Baldwin’s Stranger in the Village and Zora Neale Hurs

Identity in throng Baldwins Stranger in the resolution and Zora Neale Hurstons How it Feels to be Colored Me Everyone has a story, a past experience that has built them up to be the person that they are today. In both James Baldwins Stranger in the Village and Zora Neale Hurstons How it Feels to be Colored Me the presence of conflicting views in their stories holds a large impact on how they later develop as individuals. While Baldwins piece demonstrates the ignorance from society which is projected onto him from Swiss villagers, it shares both similarities and differences to the attitudes demonstrated in Hurstons piece influenced by her surroundings. Being that it is difficult to escape the past and the events that deport brought strength through triumph, it is important to focus ones attention on the present and into the future. Although the past determines who an individual is, the future determines who an individual will become. James Baldwin holds the ability to push through negative affiliations in order to reach self establishment. As demonstrated in Stranger in the Village, Baldwin is simply just now a black man who was motivated by the need to establish an identity (196). Through his desire of recognition as a human universe rather than as an object, Baldwin is willing to look past the ignorance of the Swiss villagers and focus on defining himself. Greeted by the childrens calls of Neger Neger, Baldwin unintentionally finds himself reminiscing (191). Although the childrens label is non meant in a derogatory fashion, it causes Baldwin to surrender to the racial indifference of his past. Baldwin attempts to disregard his unpleasant reflection and justify the fact that change has been made. ... ...experiences and refocus his or her vitality toward the future, however, through the works of both James Baldwin and Zora Neale Hurston, it is shown to be possible. Through their experiences they worked to develop their identities, and through the presen t they looked toward the future in order to reach establishment. It is true that everyone has a story however, it is up to each individual to take that story and make it his or her own by creating an identity for him or herself. Works Cited Baldwin, James. Stranger in the Village. The Norton Reader. Ed. Linda H. Peterson and John C. Brereton. 11th ed. New York Norton, 2004. 360-68. Hurston, Zora N. How It Feels to Be Colored Me. Grammar and Composition - Homepage of About Grammar and Composition. Web. 08 Dec. 2009. .

Essay --

qualifying management falsify is constant, integral part of our personal and professional lives. Change occurs in our world and beyond, at national and global level, in political and socio-economical aras, in management of organisations. As the contemporary world becomes more complicated and importantly interrelated, it forces companies to sort their work strategies and become globally competitive (Jeritt, 2013). These pressures for change should be identified by management and immediately enact change management help to increase productivity and performance (Marked By Teachers, 2004). Achievement of such objectives is paramount for organisations despite of challenges which may originate during implementation of changes (Content Writing, 2012).According to Techopedia (2013) Organisational Change Management is a framework structured around the changing needs and capabilities of an organization. OCM is used to prepare, adopt and implement fundamental and radical organizational cha nges, including its culture, policies, procedures and physical environment, as well as employee roles, skills and responsibilities.Kotter (2009) defines change management as the utilization of basic structures and tools to control any organizational change effort.Today for implementation and monitoring changing process are known plenty of different models. It will be analyzed and evaluated most common models which are Lewins Change Management Model, ADKAR model and Kotters Eight Step Change Model. Each model provide particular approach with own advantages and disadvantages therefore its signifi lottly important to clearly understand each of the three change management models (Cellars, 2007). Lewins Change Management ModelKurt Lewin presente... ...tion. Organisational culture provides as opportunities as well as issues for companies. If culture combines with organizations strategic and operating targets, it can stimulate improvement of performance and efficiency. At the same time di ssimilarity of organisation culture and targets may lead for pernicious results (Katzenbach Center, 2013). Thus, organisational culture affects practically on all aspects of the company and its exceptional for every organisation and also one of the arduous objects to change (Business Dictionary, 2013. Hence, applying of culture within organisation include depth psychology of complex of features as beliefs, ideologies and values of company. According to Investopedia (2013) organisational culture define as The beliefs and behaviors that determine how a companys employees and management interact and handle outside business proceeding.

Elderly Interview with Mrs. G Essay

Mrs. G was chosen for a formal converse, the purpose of this interview was explained before she signed the consent form. The meaning of OT and the role of OT in wellness was discussed with her. The interview was scheduled at her sons shoes in the living room for approximately one hour. She was seen at 5pm in the afternoon. agree to the Quality of look Index for Adults 1997, Mrs. G is experiencing about difficulty within the domain of physical health and pain. Mrs. G stated that she was unable to do some activities such(prenominal) as climbing more than one flight of stairs and walking several blocks. Mrs. G stated that her pain level is moderately and that it slightly interferes with her daily activities. According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mrs. G is experiencing some cognitive deficits, she scored 3 point below the normal range. Mrs. G is a 68 year old African American female born in Independence, Louisiana in 1946.She is currently living in her own single floor hom e with her save. She has two children but some(prenominal) live unwrap of the area, even though her children arent in the area, she has a very good family and friend support network. She attended Merritt College for nursing and worked as a nurse for 30 years. Mrs. G is now a retired nurse and her husband a retired air traffic controller. Mrs. G enjoys shopping, attending church, traveling and cooking for friends and family. She states that she loves to saltation salsa but she hasnt gotten around to go dancing because she hasnt found the time. Mrs. G is currently in good health and is able to carry out functional task without assistance. Her history of illness include thymus, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, hysterectomy, appendicitis and diabetes. Mrs. G is currently taking daily medications for her cholesterol, blood pressure, insulin and on mapping pain meds for her Arthritis on the neck and C4-5 herniated disc. Mrs. G states that she may skip a day of medication becaus e she forgets some days.Mrs. Gs living conditions are good, she has a spacious 3 bedroom home and is able to maintain her home. Mrs. G states that she has good community resources at Keiser, which they provided classes to help manage her diabetes. Mrs. Gs characteristic day goes as followed she wakes up and usually begins her day by reading the Bible, after she prepares breakfast for herself and her husband. Then she sits to relax or to watch TV, she watches the news, the chew and MSNBC with her husband and in between she talks on the telephone to friends and family. She attends the food bank twice a week, Mondays she has choir rehearsal and Tuesday bible class. When she returns home she cooks dinner party, does laundry, and cleans her home if needed.Then she sit watches scandal and the evening show and speak on the telephone again. She reads her Bible and goes to sleep around 11 pm. According to Erik Eriksons supposition of Human Development, Mrs. G is within the stage of ego in tegrity. Ego integrity is the ability to see life as meaningful and the abilities to accept both the supportive and negative part of aging without feeling intimidated. Mrs. G has a very positive outlook on her life she is charismatic, funny and you feel welcomed around her. puzzle ListDiet Mrs. G suffers from diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol due to this it is recommended that Mrs. G lowers her sodium intake and increase her intake of fruits and vegetables curtail fried food. Medication Management Mrs. G is on insulin due to her diabetes and on various medications for high blood pressure and high cholesterol, Mrs. G states that sometimes she misses days because she forgets. Exercise Mrs. G is currently over weight and she need to keep an exercise routine to improve health. Joint conversation Mrs. G has arthritis of her neck and hand also a herniated disc at the level of C4-5 Concentrate Mrs. G sates that during reading and some conversations she tends to lose mi nginess.Long Term GoalsWithin discharge lymph gland will attend salsa class once a week to help wellness. Within discharge, client will be taught joint conservation technique to facilitate wellness. Within D/C, client will be educated on a low-fat/low-carb diet to facilitate wellness. Within discharge, client will maintain concentration 10 minutes during reading activity to facilitatewellness. Within D/C, client construct a medication management schedule to facilitate wellness.Activities register in salsa classes once a week at her local community gym. Games such as dominoes, checkers, chess, card games, scrabble, and bingo. Types of puzzles Jigsaw puzzles, Crossword, Word search, Sudoku, Crypto quotes. Craft such as drawing, painting, knitting, playing music, scrapbooking, and woodworking, mosaics using tiles or colored paper, and photography. Cooking activity that contain planning and selecting recipe, shopping for materials/ingredients.Educational materialsExerciseDiabetics sho uld try to avoid exercising in weather that is too hot or too cold. Exercises such as yoga, tai-chi, swimming and rowing are recommended to develop core power, strengthening and lengthening muscles, and managing focus (Mark Daily Apple, 2014).Nutritional RecommendationA healthy diet for a diabetic is essential, foods that increase blood sugar should be monitored here are some steps to have a heathy dinner plate that will aid in managing your diabetes. Try these six simple steps to get started1. Using your dinner plate, put a line down the middle of the plate. Then on one side, cut it again so you will have three sections on your plate.2. Fill the largest section with non-starchy vegetables such as spinach, carrots, lettuce, greens, cabbage, bok choygreen beans, broccoli, cauliflower, tomatoes,vegetable juice, salsa, onion, cucumber, beets, okra,mushrooms, peppers, turnips3. Now in one of the itty-bitty sections, put grains and starchy foods such as altogether grain breads, such a s whole shuck or ryewhole grain, high-fiber cerealcooked cereal such as oatmeal, grits, hominy or cream of wheat rice, pasta,dal, tortillascooked beans and peas, such as pinto beans or black-eyed peas potatoes, green peas, corn, lima beans, sweet potatoes, winter squash low-fat crackers, snack chips, pretzels and light popcorn4. And then in the other small section, put your protein such as chicken or turkey without the skinfish such as tuna, salmon, cod or catfishother seafood such as shrimp, clams, oysters, crab or mussels lean cuts of beef and pork such as sirloin or pork lointofu, eggs, low-fat cheese5. Add a portion of fruit, a serving of dairy, or both as your meal plan allows.6. To complete your meal, add a low-calorie drink like water, unsweetened tea, or chocolate (diabetes.org, 2014). ReferencesSee more at http//www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/food/planning-meals/create-your-plate/?loc=ff-slabnavsthash.csyt8odq.dpuf See more at http//www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/f ood/planning-meals/diabetes-meal-plans-and-a-healthy-diet.html?loc=ff-slabnavsthash.PZeyq2ta.dpufhttp//www.marksdailyapple.com/10-exercises-for-seniors/axzz36jgoG2ib http//www.diabetes.org/food-and-fitness/food/planning-meals/create-your-plate/?loc=ff-slabnav

Hnd Judge How the Business and Cultural Environments

HND Business Birmingham Metropolitan College Mathew Boulton Campus Riddle of the day A woman shoots her husband. Then she holds him beneath water for oer 5 minutes. Finally, she hangs him. But 5 minutes later they both go out together and enjoy a wonderful dinner together. How buttocks this be? 3. 3 judge how the business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of a selected validation This builds to answer Judge how Lloyds TSB has been behaviour has been affected by governmental, stinting, social, technical, legal, and environmental pressures.Industrial concentration Over the last 100 years the size of quicks has generally been increasing. 50 years ago in the UK most shops were clannishly owned and supplied the local atomic number 18a, however over time larger shops ease up become more and more important. Tesco for instance is a huge employer in the UK and now serves millions of customers with an estimated unmatched in e actually seven pounds spent on retail being s pent in Tesco, it has now extended well beyond the UK and is operating in many different companies.In 2002 Walmart was the biggest earning firm in the world, with an yearbook revenue of $219 billion. This was a higher figure than the GDP of many countries. As a general design different industries argon dominated by a down in the mouther number or larger firms. This issue is referred to as industrial concentration. How has industrial concentration been achieved? It has happened in a number of different ways, primarily many of the firms throw away naturally gained in size, e. g. opened more and more stores, or built large and large factories.However it has also been achieved through spinal fusions, where firms combine themselves together And By takeover where one firm provide secure out another firm Why call down in size? One of the major reasons or advantages of growing in size is to achieve economies of scale. Merger as a method of growth Mergers press firms a great adva ntage because over night they can grow substantially, they can become more secure, gain great economies of scale and have great diversity. Case study Barclays In 2003 Barclays Bank was looking for a major European Bank to commingle with.It started looking at mergers for three main reasons Barclays had previously been a target for a takeover, by being a larger organisation it is a lot harder to become a target for takeover The bigger it becomes the greater the economies of scale it could gain It allowed Barclays approach to European food markets, far more easily than setting up its own branches abroad. Merging gave Barclays overnight access to a large customer base that was already established, additionally it gave Barclays technical screw of Europe.What economies of scale do you think Barclays gained from dramatiseing abroad? . Vertical mergers Vertical mergers are mergers of firms in the said(prenominal) chain of production, for interpreter a brewer merging with a farmer ( producing the raw ingredients hops) or a brewer merging with a pub. Both of these are examples of vertical mergers because they are in the same chain of production e. g. eer The brewer merging with the farmer would be a vertical rearwards merger, because the brewer is merging with someone at an earlier stage in the production chain. From the farmers point of view merging with the brewer would be a prior vertical merger, because he is merging with someone at a later stage of production. Motives for vertically backward mergers Firms can gain a number of advantages by vertically merging backwards these might accommodate Economies of scale Guaranteed supply Not supplying competitors without knowledge (might mean not supplying any competitors) Motives for vertically forward mergersMost manufacturers never sell directly to the in the public eye(predicate), they rely on retailers to do it for them, by merging with a retailer demand for your product is guaranteed. You can demote your c ompetitors products being stocked (or controlling them, e. g. charging a higher price for them Key factors in a merger Both firms must(prenominal) feel they are gaining from it, they must both feel they are gaining more control Horizontal mergers A horizontal is where firms at the same stage of production merge. These firms usually produce the same candids and are usually at least to some extent in direct competition with each other.Motives for horizontal mergers Greater efficiency, for example getting rid of duplicated circumspection roles Greater use of staff, under-utilised staff might be employ at another plant or location Greater control of the market Greater combined buying power, therefore gain economies through bulk buying. Job saving, redundancies almost always follow mergers, and this creates cost savings for the new organisation Eliminate competition what better way to eliminate a competitor than to merge with them, this helps shorten down competition and mean price competition is reduced. We have seen how governments whitethorn oppose this) Increase market share, you bequeath gain new customers, possibly in locations where you didnt have any before Examples of horizontal mergers P & O and Stena Line merged in November 1997 saving 1000 out of a combined workforce of 5000 Commercial Union and General Accident merged, the merger caused nearly 3000 redundancies Lateral mergers Lateral mergers are where two firms that are at the same stage of production, hardly where the products do not directly compete. For example a brewery with a soft drinks manufacturer. The products are kindredly to be sold in the same places, e. . shops, restaurants, pubs etc, but they do not compete directly against each other. They do not lure each other customers away. So a pension company ( frugal Widows) merged with Lloyds TSB, they didnt compete directly against each other, but they were in a related market. Reasons for lateral mergers Economies of scale can be gain ed, but one of the major reasons will be to have a wider range of customers in more diverse markets. Both firms will have access to customers they didnt have before. The new firm only gains in customers from the combined companies E. Lloyds TSB could access customers from sparing Widows, and Scottish Widows had access to a lot more customers than it had before at Lloyds TSB. Conglomerate mergers This is a merger where the two firms have nothing in common, for example a brewery and a washing machine manufacturer. The two have nothing in common Reasons for conglomerate mergers Some economies of scale can be gained, but mostly it is risk bearing that is the major drive, both firms are more likely to be secure in the new form where they have a combined much wider range of products over possibly a much wider area Case study The merger of Carlton and GranadaIn 2003, Carlton and Granada TV companies announced their intention to merge and form a firm worth about ? 4. 1 billion. It was esti mated that the new company would control about 50% of the television advertising market. Advertisers and media agencies both expressed their fears over the potential creation of a single airtime sales house if the two existing houses owned by the two companies combined. The Competition Commission pertinacious that an investigation was in order, and they produced a 456 page report into the proposed merger. What are the benefits for the two companies in merging? .. Why was the Competition Commission so concerned over the merger? ..Multi body political corporations Perhaps an inevit fitted consequence of industrial concentration was the transnational corporation. These are firms that have extended beyond their native counties and have become spherical organisations, that in many cases are worth many billions. Why have they grown? Beyond economies of scale there are other advantages, a firm might be nearer its customers, be able to modify its product and not have to pay import duty. Other advantages can include freeze off labour be in other countries Lower production costsBeing closer to raw materials (therefore transport costs are reduced) Growth of multinationals There has been a rapid add in multinationals from 7000 in 1970 to 40,000 in 1995. More than half of multinationals come from five counties United States, Japan, Germany, France and the Netherlands By going global many of these firms have been able to expand hugely, some are sparingally more significant then small countries. Exxon for instance has comparable economic size to Chile BP which is the UKs largest multinational is placed as being more economically significant than Cuba, or UruguayConcerns about multinationals Many people are concerned over multinationals, concerns include superpower they have over many governments ascribable to their size Some have been accused of exploiting cheap labour They control many of the planets resources, e. g. gas and oil is largely controlled by a number of multinationals. Financing growth Not only can firms gain money to grow from the traditional routes of borrowing money from patoiss, they can also gain revenue from honorables issues and surmisal capital. Rights issuesIf a firm is expanding it may well look to its existing shareholders to help finance that growth Rights issues allow shareholders to buy new shares in the company in proportion to what they already own, usually at a better price. So if a firm was planning to expand shareholders will be contacted and asked to see if they pauperization new shares in this new venture, shareholders will be expanded preferential rates (it is usually seen as a observe for shareholders) The firm gains extra revenue, but with a huge advantage that it doesnt need to pay the money back (like a bank loan) If a shareholder wants to get their money back they will sell the shares.Both firm and shareholder can see it as a good option, hence forth it is a popular way to raise revenue. Ventur e capital Venture capital firms, or individuals will look to see if they can get a good bargain. This is very much want the Dragons on Dragons Den aim to do. Venture capital firms will inject money into the firm, but a great deal will gain a significant share of the business as part of the deal. They may well want to have directors positions and may also want some kind of control in the business. This is not always a bad thing for the business, where the new company can gain valuable management help from the venture capital firm.Venture capital investment can happen at a number of different stages Seed investment providing at the very earliest stage, possibly before a product has been fully realised Early stage investment helping a firm in its crack stages, which can quite often be a difficult time for a business Expansion and later stage financial backing helping a more mature company to expand Turnaround financing helping failing firms to regain themselves Joint ventures Joint ventures are very similar to mergers, this will be where two firms form a separate division or new company.It will be financed and staffed by both companies, it might be used for instance for one firm trying to break into a new market, or a new unpolished. By using a joint venture a company might gain all the experience of another firm, adding to its own advantages. However no upheaval or loss of staff. Outsourcing This is where an individual or another firm carries out some of the operation of the business, for example carries out the cleaning services carried out at the organisation. The firm gains by using outsourcing by Saving money that it doesnt have to throw away on training staff There are no enlisting costsThere are no issues with redundancies or sacking of staff because they are employed by another company The firm can start a new service very right away by using outsourcing By outsourcing it may be easier to get the experts needed. The firm wont have to worry about cov ering staff absences, the firm doing the undertake outsource work will have to worry about it instead. It can offer a quick and cheaper alternative (because there are no recruitment costs etc) to employing staff at the firm It is very good if the service is only needed in the short term. Technology and innovationResearch and development is very big-ticket(prenominal) and doesnt always work. However if it does work it can offer the firm huge advantages offering a new product or service that wasnt available before. Because of copyright, many of these products will remain exclusive to the firm. Research and development is effectively another scrimping of scale, because usually only the large firms can return it, and can afford it when it goes wrong. It is usually just major corporations that carry out research and development. Top 11 research and development companies 2002 1 Ford 2 General motors Siemens 4 Daimler Chrysler 5 Pfizer 6 IBM 7 Ericsson 8 Motorola 9 Matsushita Electric 10 Cisco 11 GlaxSmithKline Looking at the supra firms, what are the main areas that research and development is carried out for? . Why do you think these areas have a lot of research and development carried out in them? Labour market trends A very important consideration for businesses is the state of the labour market. A higher rate of unemployment gives a firm an advantage to plume suitable workers from a wider pool. The bigger the choice the easier it is for them to get the right member of staff, and significantly without increasing wages. As the pool of workers reduces down so it is harder to get the right worker.On a similar basis the skills of the workforce are also very important, many positions in firms may require significant training. Proportion of managers with qualifications 2003 All work force Women Degree or equivalent 48% 55% 39% Higher education 38% 44% 33% A level equivalent 23% 25% 18% GCSE or equivalent A C 17% 22% 13% Looking at the above figures what doe it suggest is the trend between managerial position and qualification Generally the UK government realises the need of UK business for a more skilled workforce. This was behind the labour parties policy of encouraging higher education amongst the population and encouraging modern apprenticeships. However this has still not been enough. Many firms have looked outside of the UK for skilled workers at a put down cost. Additionally with the growth of communications technology it is easier for firms to employ members of staff in other countries. PEST of Lloyds TSB Lloyds Banking Group plc is a fiscal services group base in UK.It was initially known as Lloyds TSB Group plc and covers 40 countries in the world. However, its primary market is UK and it operates in three verticals namely, retail banking, wholesale and international banking and policy and investments. The Lloyds Banking Group plc acquired the Halifax Bank of Scotland plc or the HBOS on January 16th this year (Company Profile par. 1) The subprime crisis which started in the US had its effect on those countries whose financial companies were participating in the US based risky financial instruments.UK was one of those countries and approximately around November 2007 the banking sector saw the unfurling of a major crisis (Caine). $323 billion was the amount of total assets write-down and conviction loss in the worlds top 100 banks till May 2008. Amongst these, UK banks were also present HBOS had a loss of $5. 9 billion slice RBS or Royal bank of Scotland lost $15. 2 billion (Onaran). Due to the subprime and realization crisis towards the end of 2008 UK went into recession and since then the crisis has deepened. This is evident from the fact that the UGK GDP has declined advertise by 1. % in the period between January- March 2009. This has also been the sharpest decline since 1979. It is being predicted that the fall in GDP would be even more than 3. 5%, which was the common estimation among experts la st year. The IMF has also predicted that the UK thrift would decline by 4. 1% in 2009 (Monaghan par. 1, 3, 5, 13). But in comparison to other EU members the UK economy is in a slightly better condition. Yet public finances will be in a very bad condition in comparison to its EU member states. Also, the countrys government deficit is predicted to be amongst the worst in EU for the next year (Giles, par. , 2, 10). Macro economic forecasts by different agencies have also predicted a depressing picture for the economy in the near future. GDP growth is predicted to be less than 0. 5% in 2010 while the Retail Price Index inflation is going to be between 2% to 2. 5%. Consumer Price Index inflation on the other hand is predicted to be at 1. 5%. Current account for 2010 would be at least -? 26 billion by April (Forecasts for the UK economy 12-13). http//mb atermpapers. om/an- psychoanalysis-of-lloyds-tsbs- up-to-the-minute-strategic-position-part-i/ PESTEL Analysis of the Banking Crisis an d Royal Bank of Scotland POLITICAL There are numerous entities comprising RBSs political arena, including but not contain to The Bank of England (BOE), BOEs pecuniary Policy Committee, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Financial Services Authority (FSA), HM treasury, HM Treasurys UK Debt Management Office, UK Financial Services and Markets Tribunal (which provides judicial analyze of the FSA), and Treasury Select Committee (which reviews HM Treasurys activities).Each entity influences RBSs ability to compete in a highly regulated sector. Each entitys influence originates from their ability to sway and/or enact legislative acts which envelope RBSs investment activities, reporting procedures, costs of capital, international participation and horizontal and/or vertical integration. The overall political mood of these government entities during the current banking crisis inculcates numerous feelings and perspectives, including but not limited to such attitudes as i). angst about available credit to businesses and consumers ii). repidation towards watchdog groups like rating agencies and government inspectors and iii). worry concerning free market capitalism and the nationalization of notice industrial sectors. Immersed in such a political atmosphere, RBSs expectations include augmented publicly scrutiny regarding loan portfolios and lending activities, even greater banking regulation, increased governmental activities such as inspection parameters and compound reporting requirements. RBSs political arena is struggling to recompense constituents for the governments inability to stave off volatility despite huge expenditures of taxpayer dollars.RBS will identify trend lines in each governmental entity in order to position each entity into a governmental landscape attempting to redefine itself as a public body capable of ascertaining significant risks to the economy. By analyzing the decisions of entities like the BOE, FSA, UK Financial Services and Markets Tribunal, and Treasury Select Committee RSB may fully assess the countrys political framework, the direction being taken by the government on a per entity basis and the ramifications upon the socio-economic canvas.One political activity is the HM Treasurys establishment of the Bank Recapitalization Fund and the UK Debt Management Offices 2008 Credit Guarantee purpose. These programs are part of the Governments attempt to stabilize the financial system and to protect and promote confidence in depositors, borrowers and other clients of RBS and other financial institutions. Under these programs the government will possess the capacity to set RBSs dividend policies and bonus schemes. It will also require RBS to support lending to small businesses and home owners. Moreover, in October 2008 the HM Treasury purchased approximately ? billion in RBS election shares1, for which RBS will have to pay approximately ? 600m per annum. The government also underwrote a ? 15 billion share issue for Royal B ank of Scotland as a result of which the government gained a 58 percent stake in the company. The performance of RBSs Corporate and Global Banking divisions in an atmosphere inundated with public and private institutions who failed to ascertain an accurate picture of the credit markets and banking industry may be expected to benefit from funds made available from HM Treasurys programs.Regarding the FSA, it has been perceived by some to be relatively weak and ineffective. FSA behavior is often criticized as being reactive rather than proactive. Some banking experts advance the FSA has allowed irresponsible banking and the FSAs ineptitude may have precipitated the credit crunch. Indeed, the public acquisition of Northern Rock in mid-February 2008, and the takeover of HBOS by Lloyds TSB are key indicators that the FSA may have failed to oversee with insight and expertise.Once recent activity is that in September 2008, the FSA announced a ban on short selling to reduce volatility in difficult markets, including financial institutions. Another recent activity is the FSAs Consultation paper entitled Financial Services Compensation Scheme reform. Published in January 2009, the paper recommends that a potential seven-day time limit, after the collapse of their account providers, for paying out to depositors could be imposed on the Financial Services Compensation Service (FSCS) in future.FSA also recommended a simplification for the eligibility parameters for depositors and for the processes of account providers transferring their customers information on the FSCS. ECONOMIC The economic state of the nation will propel RBS towards activities based on reduced GNP growth, reduced demand for credit, decreases in consumer confidence and reductions in revenue sourced from interest rate spreads. However, clients in RBSs Wealth Management division may realize long term gains if the market is currently near the bottom and grows in the future.With historical lows in interest rates and a monetary policy flooding the banking sector, RBS may capitalize upon low costs of capital and potential increases in the demand for credit. However, due to the economic climate, RBS is expected to be substantially risk averse and may avoid the tried and true real estate market. Large and small businesses pursuit working capital, companies quest merger financing and product development financing are potential opportunities for RBS given the current real estate climate.RBSs may be expected formulate strategic merger opportunities, gravitate towards a greater risk averse position, raise capital through selling assets and increase the quality of its capital base. RBS may sell assets like its 10% stake in Bank of China2. The RBS has also placed t its near-1,000 pub estate up for sale, as it looks to improve its balance sheet with cash holdings3. RBS is also poised to cut around 3,000 jobs from its Global Markets investment banking division. 4 Moreover, RBS will compete in an economic climate experiencing increases in unemployment. The companys layoffs are indicative of the financial sector reducing payrolls in order to streamline operations and enhance profitability. However, the economys overall increases in unemployment may facilitate a corresponding increase in small business start ups such that RBS may break loans to unemployed workers attempting to start their own firms.Per the aforementioned real estate situation, housing prices experienced a plunge of approximately 16 per cent last year, the biggest annual drop on record and RBS is poised for another turbulent year in real estate investment activities. The fall during 2008 established a current average house price at ? 153,048, down ? 20,000 since December 20075. However, in a discounted real estate market, RBS may facilitate real estate investors seeking long term gains and may also conduct businesses unrelated to real estate i. e. manufacturing, technological, agricultural, and health care. SOCIAL Social aspects of the credit crisis include, but are not limited to career attitudes, consumer confidence, and worries regarding pensions. Career attitudes may be improved if RBS campaigns for unemployed workers to attempt to start their own small business. Consumer confidence may increase if RBS markets the low costs of capital for borrowers. And worries regarding pensions may be alleviated by RBSs Wealth Management division and subsequent campaigns emphasizing investments in staple sectors, emerging markets and firms experience above average growth.TECHNOLOGICAL The aforementioned FSAs Consultation paper entitled Financial Services Compensation Scheme reform also recommends Britains banks spend approximately ? 1bn on upgrades for information technology systems. The proposed IT investment facilitates a banks capacity to produce a list of all customers deposits within 48 hours of the institution failing. This may support the FSCSs ability to ensure that bank customers get the ir money back within seven days.Such a system may also limit the risk of a collapse of confidence from spreading. Furthermore, technological variables like software platforms based on data mining, neural networks, risk analysis and algorithms scanning financial criteria may offer RBS the tools necessary to optimize networks, maximize knowledge procurement and minimize data absence such that assets, liabilities, expenses and revenue streams are analyzed, assessed and reported upon in order to alert management on significant changes and/or potential problems. LEGALRBS confronts numerous legal issues, including but not limited to securities law, bank note regulation, separation of lawful matters centered on England and Scotland, country specific regulatory committees and a trade structures negotiated separate from England. RBS is poised to capitalize on the Scottish reputation for developing a wealthy nation such that, the concomitance of national legal frameworks may expedite innovati on, facilitate the discovery of economic tools and promote a banking sector that leads the international economy into a more efficient, less volatile and improved transparency framework.By immersing itself in the legal framework of both regions, RBS may eviscerate insight into the legislation the behind domestic economy and participation in an international marketplace. ENVIROMENTAL Several groups assert that RBS is one of the worlds top financing sources for oil and gas extraction. Allegations that RBS is funding oil and gas extraction in politically and environmentally sensitive regions and further entrenching dependence on oil and gas. These believes have resulted in campaigns against RBS Protests have taken place at some RBS and Natwest branches in the UK.RBS supplies financial services to firms constructing coal-fired power stations and developing new coal mines at sites all over the world. RBS is accused of helping billions of pounds over the last two years to E. ON, and othe r companies emphasizing coal. On 17 January 2008 environmental groups wrote to RBS hoping to resolve environmental problems associated with the ABN AMRO-financed Sakhalin II project (RBS, Fortis and Banco Santander acquired ABN AMRO in 2007).RBSS green holdings may alleviate these antagonistic positions while also offering investment returns in industries experiencing relatively arrogant growth rates. As alternative energy becomes a viable source for transportation and electricity, RBS may identify and locate potential businesses (whether small businesses or conglomerates) that offer above average yields. Further, RBS may spearhead the banking industrys emphasis on alternative energy in a marketplace poised to tack oil even during a banking crisis.Industrial Analysis Current Market Forces in Banking Sector There are several forces operating in the banking sector. A some of these are related to the current crisis and others are constant parts of the banking sector. Such forces inc lude, but are not limited to i). a demand for reform ii). a supply of private money (whether publicly financed or not) that has experienced a constraining shift in risk adversity iii). a nationalization of private sectors iv). uncertain alterations of capital standards v). ossible shifts in portfolio risks vi). homeowner and depositor protection and vii). possible prioritization of small and medium sized business. These demand and supply issues are drivers of change. Other drivers of change include regulatory bodies, private organizations and competitors within the banking industry. As alterations in portfolio risks shift capital, changes in specific industries may occur. For example, an influx of capital into alternative energy alongside a reduction in real estate investment may fuel energy independence.As alterations in capital standards occur, banking companies are expected to change attitudes towards riskier loans. And as small and medium sized enterprises become a priority, the may be changes in the rate of innovation, the effect of small transactions and general economic data like unemployment or personal consumption. A banking sectors industrial analysis would note that banking has existed so long that ascertaining the whole sectors position in the life cycle is rather difficult.However, the sector is experiencing a nationalization, which in turn reverts back to antiquated stages of the sectors life cycle. On the other hand, banking could be poised to accelerate its position in its life cycle due to the current economic crisis i. e. necessity is the mother of cook upion and the banking sector may invent methods to draw the economy out of the current crisis MADEAN2. WORDPRESS http//madean2. wordpress. com/business/swot-pestel/ (2012) http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=1cV-R26kMrU&feature=related

IDEA and Special Education Annotated Essay

Bowen, S. and Rude, H. (2006). Assessment and students with disabilities Issues and challenges with educational reform. Rural Special upbringing Quarterly, 25 (3), pp. 24-30. Retrieved October 14, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database. Bowen and Rude pointed out that the 2004 reauthorization of IDEA reflected an effort to ordain IDEA with NCLB. This article focuses specifically on the problem of accountability, eligibility for superfluous education services, summary of performance, and transition services for circumscribed education students. Also embroild ar guiding principles for selecting appropriate accommodations for assessments.Ketterlin-Geller, L. (2007). Recommendations for accommodations Implications of (in)consistency. Remedial and Special Education, 28 (4), pp. 194-206. Retrieved October 14, 2008, from Academic Search Premier. The author noted the importance of appropriate accommodations for students who have special needs. Unfortunately, student IEPs atomic n umber 18 often not aligned with the actual accommodations that ar made in the classroom. This disagreement between the classroom teacher and the IEP team results in inconsistent accommodations which, harmonise to Ketterlin-Geller, have a negative effect on student outcomes.The author outlined several possible causes for these inconsistencies. Ketterlin-Geller concluded, Regardless of the root cause for the disagreement between IEPs and teachers, the current system is placing teachers in the awkward position of enacting a set of predetermined, legally binding guidelines with the intention of providing the support needed for their students to succeed. Lynch, S. and Adams, P. (2008). Developing standards-based Individualized Education Program objectives for students with significant needs. Teaching Exceptional Children, 40 (3), pp. 36-39.Retrieved October 14, 2008, from Academic Search Premier. Lynch and Adams noted the app arent conflict between the expectations of NCLB and the req uirements of IDEA described guidelines that may be used to help districts to develop assessments that are inline with student IEPs. This article focuses on developing assessments that address pre-symbolic levels of schooling, early symbolic learning, and expanded symbolic levels of learning. study Education Association (2004). IDEA and NCLB Intersection of Access and Outcomes. Retrieved October 14, 2008, from http//www. nea. org/specialed/images/ideanclbintersection. pdfThis 47-page booklet describes the implications of NCLB for IDEA. Section One of the booklet addresses standardized assessments for students with disabilities, including acceptable accommodations under NCLB. The booklet also addresses how special education may affect Annual Yearly Progress (AYP) reports. The text includes several links to documents that may be used for policy guidance for districts that are developing policies for special education. Turnbull, H. (2005).Individuals With Disabilities Education Act R eauthorization Accountability and personal responsibility. Remedial & Special Education, 26 (6), pp. 320-326. Retrieved October 14, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database. Turnbull noted that IDEA 2004 reflects the excogitation that the teacher, the school, and the federal government share in the responsibility of improving student outcomes. Turnbull argued that this scope of responsibility must also include parents and students if learning and student motion are to take place. U. S. Congress (2002). No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. universal Law 107-110. 2002. Retrieved October 14, 2008, from http//www. ed. gov/legislation/ESEA02/107-110. pdf This is the full text of NCLB. Altogether, the law is 670 pages long.The simple volume of NCLB makes it difficult for many parents and school administrators to read through understand. References to IDEA and special education are spread throughout the bill however, the most root with the most significance for special education is fo und on page 1448-1449, in which not less than 95 percent of students, including students in special education, are required to take assessments with accommodations, guidelines, and alternative assessments provided in the same manner as those provided under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).U. S. Congress (2004). Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, Public Law 108-446. Retrieved October 14, 2008, from http//www. copyright. gov/legislation/pl108-446. pdf The full text of the 2004 reauthorization of IDEA. It is interesting to note that although IDEA 2004 was passed 2 years after the enactment of NCLB, there is no reference to NCLB in IDEA 2004. IDEA 2004 does note, however, that all children with disabilities are included in all general State and districtwide assessment programs (p. 40).Provisions are also made for alternative assessments. The philosophy of NCLB is also reflected in the IDEA 2004 requirement that states and school distr icts shall report the number of students who required an alternative assessment and how those students performed on the assessment (p. 41). Voltz, D. and Fore, C. (2006). Urban special education in the context of standards-based reform. Remedial and Special Education, 27 (6), pp. 329-336.Retrieved October 14, 2008, from Academic Search Premier. Critics of NCLB have argued that children from low-income families are more likely to have difficulty walk standardized assessments. Voltz and Fore pointed out that education does not occur in a vacuum. To be effective, education reform must be linked to broader sociable reform, including reforms that reduce poverty and that address the effect of poverty on student achievement. Wakeman, S. , Browder, D., Meier, I. , and McColl, A. (2007).The implications of No Child Left Behind for students with developmental disabilities. Mental Retardation & developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 13 (2), pp. 143-150. Retrieved October 14, 2008, from Academic Search Premier database. This review addresses how to develop appropriate alternative assessments for children who have developmental delays and the implications of NCLB for curriculum and instruction for these children.The authors encouraged teachers to go away towards meeting challenging academic standards for their students with developmental delays and noted that there is no research indicating that functional skills must be mastered before academic learning can take place. Wakeman, et al. , also pointed out that the requirements of NCLB may make it more difficult to recruit and to retain teachers who are qualified to work with this population. Wasta, M. (2006). No Child Left Behind The death of special education? Phi Delta Kappan, 88 (4), pp. 298-299.Retrieved October 14, 2008, from Academic Search Premier. In this editorial, Wasta argues that NCLB includes unrealistic expectations for the educational outcomes of students with disabilities. Wasta fears that NCLB may l ead most schools to eliminate their special education programs altogether. Despite his concerns about NCLB, Wasta contends that special education students should not be exempt from assessments and other provisions of the law. Instead, NCLB should be modified to include realistic expectations for special education students and special education programs.

Modern motivation theory and Buddhist teaching for Motivation Essay

One of the approximately important live ons of mankindagement is to create pull up stakesingness amongst the employees to perform to the best of their abilities. Thereforethe role of a dieer is to arouse occupy in doing of employees in their muses. The process of penury consists of three stages1. A felt study or drive2. A stimulus in which nodes keep to be aroused3. When inevitably are satisfied, the satisfaction or accomplishment of finales. Therefore, we female genitals say that pauperization is a psychological phenomenon which means impoverishment and wants of the psyches curb to be tackled by framing an incentive plan.Motivation TheoriesAccording to subject of Management nonplus some kind of motivation theories. These theories were introduced by most of scholars in the world. However when considers about history foot motivation theories categorize as Classical Motivation Theories Modern Motivation TheoriesUnder the classic motivation theories locoweed intro duce following three theories.Classical Motivation Theories1. The Hierarchy Of Needs systemAbraham Maslow is well renowned for proposing the Hierarchy of Needs possible action in 1943. This opening is a classical depiction of human motivation. This possibleness is based on the assumption that at that place is a hierarchy of five drives within from each one individual. The urgency of these take varies.1. Physiological needs- These are the basic needs of air, water, food, clothing and shelter. In other words, physiological needs are the needs for basic comforts of life. 2. Safety needs- Safety needs include physical, environ moral and emotional asylum and protection. For instance- Job security, financial security, protection from animals, family security, health security, etc.3. Social needs- Social needs include the need for love, affection, care, belongings, and friendship.4. Esteem needs- Esteem needs are of two types internal vene say needs (self- respect, confidence, competence, achievement and freedom) and external esteem needs (recognition, power, status, solicitude and admiration).5. Self-actualization need- This includes the urge to become what you are capable of becoming / what you have the potential to become. It includes the need for growth and selfcontentment. It alike includes a desire for gaining much deliverledge, social- service, creativity and world aesthetic. The self- actualization needs are never fully suitable. As an individual grows psychologically, opportunities keep cropping up to continue growing. According to Maslow, individuals are motivated by unsated needs. As each of these needs is significantly satisfied, it drives and forces the next need to emerge..2. Herzbergs Two-Factor Theory of MotivationIn 1959, Frederick Herzberg, a deportmental scientist proposed a two-factor theory or the motivator-hygiene theory. According to Herzberg, there are some vocation factors that result in satisfaction trance there are ot her job factors that prevent dissatisfaction.Herzberg, the arctic of Satisfaction is No satisfaction and the opposite of Dissatisfaction is No Dissatisfaction.Herzbergss view of satisfaction and dissatisfactionHerzberg classified these job factors into two categories Hygiene factors- Hygiene factors are those job factors which are essential for existence of motivation at the workplace. These do non lead to tyrannical satisfaction for the long-term. But if these factors are absent / if these factors arenon-existent at the workplace, indeed they lead to dissatisfaction. Hygiene factors include1. Pay The pay or salary structure should be appropriate and reasonable. It must be equal and competitive with those in the same indus testify in the same domain. 2. Company Policies and administrative policies The company policies should non be too rigid. They should be fair and clear. It should include flexible running(a) hours, dress code, breaks, vacation, etc.3. Fringe benefits The employees should be offered health care plans (mediclaim), benefits for the family members, employee help programs, etc.4. Physical Working conditions The working conditions should be safe, clean and hygienic. The work equipments should be updated and well-maintained.5. Status The employees status within the organization should be familiar and retained. 6. Interpersonal relations The blood of the employees with his accomplices, superiors and subordinates should be appropriate and acceptable. There should be no contravention or humiliation element present.7. Job Security The organization must provide job security to the employees. Motivational factors- According to Herzberg, the hygiene factors can non be regarded as motivators. The motivational factors yield positive satisfaction. These factors are inherent to work. These factors motivate the employees for a superior performance. These factors are called satisfiers. These are factors involved in performing the job. Employees find these factors in and of itself rewarding. The motivators symbolized the psychological needs that were perceived as an additional benefit. Motivating factors include Recognition The employees should be praised and recognized for their accomplishments by the autobuss. Sense of achievement The employees must have a sense of achievement. This depends on the job. There must be a fruit of some sort in the job. Growth and promotional opportunities There must be growth and advancement opportunities in an organization to motivate the employees to perform well. Responsibility The employees must hold themselves responsible for the work. The managers should give them ownership of the work. They should minimize bid but retain accountability. The meaningfulness of the work The work itself should be meaningful, interesting and challenging for the employee to perform and to recover motivated.3. Theory X and Theory YIn 1960, Douglas McGregor develop Theory X and Theory Y suggests two aspects of human behavior at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals (employees) one of which is negative, called as Theory X and the other is positive, so called as Theory Y. According to McGregor, the perception of managers of the nature of individuals is based on various assumptions.Assumptions of Theory X An fair(a) employee intrinsically does not like work and tries to escape it whenever possible. Since the employee does not want to work, he must be persuaded, compelled, or warned with a punishment so as to achieve organizational goals. A close supervision is questd on the part of managers. The managers adopt a more dictatorial style. Many employees rank job security on top, and they have little or no aspiration/ ambition. Employees generally dislike responsibilities. Employees resist change. An average employee needs formal direction.Assumptions of Theory Y Employees can perceive their job as relaxing and normal. They exercise their physical and mental ef forts in an inherent manner in their jobs. Employees may not require only threat, external control and coercion to work, but they can use self-direction and self-control if they are dedicated and sincere to achieve the organizational objectives. If the job is rewarding and satisfying, then it will result in employees loyalty and commitment to the organization. An average employee can learn to admit and recognize the responsibility. In fact, he can even learn to obtain responsibility. The employees have skills and capabilities. Their logical capabilities should be fully use. In other words, the creativity, resourcefulness and innovative potentiality of the employees can be utilized to solve organizational problems.Thus, we can say that Theory X presents a pessimistic view of employees nature and behavior at work, while Theory Y presents an optimistic view of the employees nature and behavior at work.Modern Motivation TheoriesUnder the modern motivation theories can illustrate foll owing six theories. 1. ERG TheoryTo bring Maslows need hierarchy theory of motivation in synchronization with empirical research, Clayton Alderfer redefined it in his own terms. His rework is called as the ERG theory of motivation. He re categorize Maslows hierarchy of needs into three simpler and broader classes of nodes Existence needs- These include the need for basic material necessities. In short, it includes an individuals physiological and physical safety needs. Relatedness needs- These include the aspiration individuals have for maintaining significant interpersonal relationships (be it with family, peers or superiors), getting public fame and recognition. Maslows social needs and external helping of esteem needs fall under this class of need. Growth needs- These include need for self-development and personal growth and advancement. Maslows self-actualization needs and intrinsic component of esteem needs fall under this category of need.Managers must understand that an empl oyee has various needs that must be satisfied at the same time. According to the ERG theory, if the manager concentrates solely on one need at a time, this will not effectively motivate the employee. Also, the frustration- regression aspect of ERG Theory has an added effect on workplace motivation. For instance- if an employee is not provided with growth and advancement opportunities in an organization, he might revert to the relatedness need such(prenominal) as socialization needs and to meet those socializing needs, if the environment or circumstances do not permit, he might revert to the need for money to fulfill those socializing needs. The sooner the manager realizes and discovers this, the most immediate steps they will take to fulfill those needs which are frustrated until such time that the employee can once again pursue growth.2. McClellands Theory of NeedsDavid McClelland and his associates proposed McClellands theory of Needs / operation Motivation Theory. This theory states that human behavior is alter by three needs Need for Power, Achievement and Affiliation. Need for achievement is the urge to excel, to accomplish in relation to a typeset of standards, to struggle to achieve success. Need for power is the desire to influence other individuals behavior as per your wish. In other words, it is the desire to have control over others and to be influential. Need for affiliation is a need for open and sociable interpersonal relationships. In other words, it is a desire for a relationship based on co-operation and mutual understanding.The individuals with high achievement needs are super motivated by competing and challenging work. They look for promotional opportunities in the job. They have a strong urge for feedback on their achievement. much(prenominal) individuals try to get satisfaction in performing things better. High achievement is directly related to high performance. Individuals who are better and to a higher place average performers are highly motivated. They assume responsibility for solving the problems at work. McClelland called such individuals as gamblers as they set challenging targets for themselves and they take the deliberate risk to achieve those set targets. Such individuals look for innovative ways of performing the job. They perceive achievement of goals as a reward, and value it more than a financial reward.The individuals who are motivated by power have a strong urge to be influential and controlling. They want that their views and ideas should dominate and thus, they want to lead. Such individuals are motivated by the need for reputation and self-esteem. Individuals with greater power and authority will perform better than those possessing less power. Generally, managers with high need for power turn out to be more efficient and successful managers. They are more determined and loyal to the organization they work for. Need for power should not always be taken negatively.It can be viewed as the need to have a positive effect on the organization and to support the organization in achieving its goals. The individuals who are motivated by affiliation have an urge for a friendly and supportive environment. Such individuals are effective performers in a team. These people want to be desire by others. The managers ability to absorb decisions is hampered if they have a high affiliation need as they prefer to be accepted and care by others, and this weakens their objectivity. Individuals having high affiliation needs prefer working in an environment providing greater personal interaction. Such people have a need to be on the good books of all. They generally cannot be good leaders.3. Goal Setting TheoryIn 1960s, Edwin Locke put forward the Goal-setting theory of motivation. This theory states that goal setting is essentially linked to taskperformance. It states that specific and challenging goals along with appropriate feedback contribute to higher and better task performance. In simple words, goals evidence and give direction to an employee about what needs to be takee and how much efforts are required to be put in. The important features of goal-setting theory are as follows The willingness to work towards attainment of goals is the main source of job motivation. Clear, particular and difficult goals are greater motivating factors than easy, general and vague goals. Specific and clear goals lead to greater output and better performance. Unambiguous, measurable and clear goals accompanied by a deadline for completion avoids misunderstanding. Goals should be realistic and challenging. This gives an individual a feeling of dress and triumph when he attains them, and sets him up for attainment of the next goal. The more challenging the goal, the greater is the reward generally and the more is the passion for achieving it. Better and appropriate feedback of results directs the employee behavior and contributes to higher performance than the absence of fee dback. Feedback is a means of gaining reputation, making clarifications and regulating goal difficulties. It helps employees to work with more involvement and leads to greater job satisfaction. The employees conflict in goal is not always desirable. Participation of setting goal, however, makes the goal more acceptable and leads to more involvement. Goal setting theory has certain eventualities such as Self-efficiency- Self-efficiency is the individuals self-confidence and faith that he has potential of performing the task. The higher the level of self-efficiency, greater will be the efforts put in by the individual when they face challenging tasks. While, lower the level of self-efficiency, less will be the efforts put in by the individual or he might even quit while meeting challenges.Goal commitment- Goal setting theory assumes that the individual is committed to the goal and will not apply the goal. The goal commitment is dependent on the following factors1. Goals are made open ly, known and broadcasted.2. Goals should be set-self by individual rather than designated. 3. Individuals set goals should be consistent with the organizational goals and vision.4. Reinforcement TheoryReinforcement theory of motivation was proposed by BF Skinner and hisassociates. It states that an individuals behavior is a function of its consequences. It is based on law of effect, i.e, individuals behavior with positive consequences tends to be repeated, but individuals behavior with negative consequences tends not to be repeated. Reinforcement theory of motivation overlooks the internal state of individuality, i.e., the inner feelings and drives of individuals are ignored by Skinner. This theory focuses totally on what happens to an individual when he takes some action.Thus, according to Skinner, the external environment of the organization must be designed effectively and positively so as to motivate the employee. This theory is a strong tool for analyzing controlling mechanism for individuals behavior. However, it does not focus on the causes of individuals behavior. The managers use the following methods for controlling the behavior of the employees Positive Reinforcement- This implies giving a positive response when an individual shows the positive and required behavior. For example Immediately praising an employee for coming early for the job. This will change magnitude the probability of outstanding behavior occurring again. The reward is a positive reinforce, but not necessarily. If and only if the employees behavior improves, the reward can said to be a positive reinforcer. Positive reinforcement stimulates occurrence of a behavior. It must be noted that more spontaneous is the giving of reward, the greater reinforcement value it has. nix Reinforcement- This implies rewarding an employee by removing negative / undesirable consequences. Both positive and negative reinforcement can be used for increasing desirable / required behavior. Punishment- It implies removing positive consequences so as to lower the probability of repeating the undesirable behavior in future. In other words,punishment means applying undesirable consequence for cover undesirable behaviors. For instance Suspending an employee for breaking the organizational rules. Punishment can be equalized by positive reinforcement from an alternative source. Extinction- It implies absence of reinforcements. In other words, extermination implies lowering the probability of undesired behavior by removing the reward for that kind of behavior. For instance if an employee no longer receives praise and admiration for his good work, he may feel that his behavior is generating no fruitful consequence. Extinction may unintentionally lower desirable behavior.5. Equity Theory of MotivationThe core of the equity theory is the principle of balance or equity. As per this motivation theory, an individuals motivation level is correlated with his perception of equity, fairness and justice practiced by the management. Higher is an individuals perception of fairness, greater is the motivation level and vice versa. While evaluating fairness, employee compares the job input (in terms of contribution) to outcome (in terms of compensation) and also compares the same with that of other peer of equal cadre/category. D/I ratio (output-input ratio) is used to make such a comparison.An employee might compare himself with his peer within the present job in the current organization or with his friend/peer working in some other organization or with the past jobs held by him with others. An employees choice of the referent will be influenced by the appeal of the referent and the employees knowledge about the referent. Moderating Variables The gender, salary, schooling and the experience level are moderating variables. Individuals with greater and higher education are more informed. Thus, they are likely to compare themselves with the outsiders. Males and females prefer s ame conjurecomparison. It has been observed that females are paid typically less than males in comparable jobs and have less salary expectations than males for the same work. Thus, a woman employee that uses another women employee as a referent tends to lead to a lower comparative standard. Employees with greater experience know their organization very well and compare themselves with their own colleagues, while employees with less experience rely on their personal experiences and knowledge for making comparisons.Choices The employees who perceive inequity and are under negative tension can make the following choices Change in input (e.g. Dont overexert) Change their outcome (Produce quantity output and increasing earning by sacrificing quality when piece rate incentive system exist) Choose a different referent Quit the job Change self perception (For instance I know that Ive performed better and harder than everyone else.) Change perception of others (For instance Jacks job is n ot as desirable as I earlier thought it was.)6. hope Theory of MotivationThe expectation theory was proposed by Victor Vroom of Yale School of Management in 1964. Vroom stresses and focuses on outcomes, and not on needs unlike Maslow and Herzberg. The theory states that the intensity of a tendency to perform in a particular manner is dependent on the intensity of an expectation that the performance will be followed by a definite outcome and on the appeal of the outcome to the individual.The Expectancy theory states that employee motivation is an outcome of how much an individual wants a reward (Valence), the assessment that the likelihood that the effort will lead to expected performance (Expectancy) and the belief that the performance will lead to reward (Instrumentality). In short, Valence is the significance associated with an individual about the expected outcome. It is an expected and not the actual satisfaction that an employee expects to receive after achieving the goals. E xpectancy is the faith that best efforts will result in betterperformance. Expectancy is influenced by factors such as possession of appropriate skills for performing the job, availability of right resources, availability of crucial knowledge and getting the required support forcompleting the job.Instrumentality is the faith that if you perform well, then a valid outcome will be there. Instrumentality is affected by factors such as believe in the people who decide who receives what outcome, the simplicity of the process deciding who gets what outcome, and clarity of the relationship between performance and outcomes. Thus, the expectancy theory concentrates on the following three relationships Effort-performance relationship What is the likelihood that the individuals effort to be recognized in his performance appraisal? Performance-reward relationship It talks about the extent to which the employee believes that getting a good performance appraisal leads to organizational rewards. Rewards-personal goals relationship It is all about the attractiveness or appeal of the potential reward to the individual.Vroom was of view that employees consciously decide whether to perform or not on the job. This decision solely depended on the employees motivation level which in turn depends on three factors of expectancy, valence and instrumentality. Buddhisticic learn For Motivation hi passik = come and seeWhen consider about Buddhist teachings can identify good management systems focusing on various subject. According to the Buddhist teaching formotivation can not be categorized or can not be compared with modern or classic motivation theories. However as a teacher Buddha mentioned about his damma as hi passik. That mean come and see. According to that Buddha mentioned mainly self motivation. In most of the occasions the Buddha explains about self motivation is only way to get rid of that Samsara. As a result of that the teaching of Buddha mostly depends on self motivati on. When examining about Tipitaka, gives lots of Damma preached about motivation.In the Kalama Sutta mentioned about self motivation as follows Kalamas, as you yourselves say, do not follow the leader, do not go by the examination of reasons, do not stick to wrong views, hold outt go by this has to be so, dont go by the words of your teacher, the recluse. Kalamas, you, yourselves should know these thoughts are demerit, these thoughts are faulty, these thoughts are blamed by the wise, these thoughts undertaken and accomplished are not for welfare, they conduce to unpleasantness Kalamas, then you should dispel them. If it was said, it was said on account of this.Come Kalamas, do not go on fill up your straits persistently with what you hear, do not go by tradition, do not guess, do not go on the grounds of authority, do not turn to logical thinking, do not follow the leader, do not go by the examination of reasons, do not stick to wrong views, dont go by this has to be so, dont go by the words of your teacher, the recluse. Kalamas, you, yourselves should know these thoughts are meritorious, these thoughts are not faulty, these thoughts are not blamed by the wise, these thoughts undertaken and accomplished are for welfare, they conduce to please Kalamas, then you should grow them. (Anguttara Nikaya. Thika niapata. 3.2.2.5)In Mahgoplaka sutta mentioned these eleven factors, it is possible that the bhikkhu could come to growth and increase in this Teaching and Dispensation Bhikkhus,1. How does the bhikkhu know matter. The bhikkhu knows as it really is, that all matter, is a matter of the four great elements and the matter that is held as mine. Thus, the bhikkhu knows matter.1. How is the bhikkhu tricky in marks? The bhikkhu knows as it really is, the fool by his actions, and the wise one of his actions. Thus the bhikkhu is clever in marks. 3. How does the bhikkhu dispel nits. hither the bhikkhu does not endure sensual thoughts chases them out, and makes them no t rebel again. Does not endure angry thoughts, chases them out, and makes them not facelift again. Does not endure hurting thoughts, chases them out, and makes them not rise again. Does not endure arisen demerit chases it out, and makes it not rise again. Thus the bhikkhu dispels nits.4. How does the bhikkhu dress the wounds? Seeing a form with the eye does not take the sign and details. To one abiding uncontrolled in the faculty of the eye, offense demerit of covetousness and displeasure may trickle down, to its control he feels, protects the faculty of the eye. Hearing a sound with the ear-Cognizing a smell with the nose-Coignizing a tasting with the tongue, -Cognizing a touch with the body, Cognizing an idea with the mind, does not take the sign or the details. To one abiding uncontrolled in the faculty of the mind, evil demerit, of covetousness. and displeasure may trickle down. To its control he feels, protects the faculty of the mind. Thus the bhikkhu dress wounds.5. Bhikk hus, how does the bhikkhu make smoke? Here the bhikkhu, explains the Teaching to others as he has learned and experienced, Thus the bhikkhu makes smoke. 6. Bhikkhus, how does the bhikkhu know the ford The bhikkhu approaches learned bearers of the Teaching and Discipline, who know the headings, from time to time, to question and cross question, to know the meanings. So that those venerable ones would explain the hidden meanings and would dispel doubts. Thus the bhikkhu knows the ford. 7. Bhikkhus, how does the bhikkhu experience joy? In the Teaching and Discipline declared by the Thus Gone One the bhikkhu experiences meanings, in the Teaching and the resulting joy from it. Thus the bhikkhu experiences joy.8. How does the bhikkhu know the paths. Here the bhikkhu knows the noble eightfold path as it really is. Thus the bhikkhu knows the path.9. How is the bhikkhu clever in finding pastures? Here the bhikkhu knows, as it really is, the four establishments of mindfulness. Thus the bhikkh u is clever in finding pastures. 10. How does the bhikkhu make no mistake of notleaving a reminder? Here the bhikkhu accepts robes, morsel food, dwellings and requisites when ill, offered by householders out of faith, knowing the meter to accept. Thus the bhikkhu makes no mistake of not leaving a remainder.11. How does the bhikkhu not pay attention to the forefathers of the Community. Here the bhikkhu attends with bodily actions of loving kindness, verbal actions of loving kindness, and mental actions of loving kindness, towards the leaders of the Community. Those with a long standing and needing special attention. Thus the bhikkhu attends to the forefathers of the Community.It is possible that the bhikkhu endowed with these eleven characteristics should come to growth and development in this Teaching and Discipline.(Majjima Nikaya, Mahgoplaka sutta Vol.i,4,3)As well as most famous venerable chulla panthakas story also mentioned that the Buddha only teaches the way to get rid of Sa msara. Because in that story mentioned chulla panthaka there also learn in self motivation. Not only that story Kisa gothami, Patachara , Khema, stories also mentioned Buddha saw the only way of getting rid of that Samsara for those people.According to above mentioned statement illustrate self motivation is most important thing to understand the Buddhist teaching. In Dhammapada which is Most famous as Handbook of the Buddhist also mentioned some kind of motivation facts in their verses. The glory of him who is energetic, mindful, pure in deed, considerate, self-controlled, right-living, and heedful steadily increases. (Dhammapada 24) By sustaining effort, earnestness, discipline, and self-control let the wise man make for himself an island, which no flood overwhelms. (Dhammapada 25) Indulge not in heedlessness have no intimacy with sensuous delights. Verily, the earnest, meditative person obtains abundant bliss. (Dhammapada 27) attentive amongst the heedless, wide awake amongst the slumbering, the wise man advances as do a swift horse, leaving a weak guard behind. (Dhammapada 29) Even as rain down does not penetrate a well-thatched house, so does lust not penetrate a well-developed mind. (Dhammapada 14)Though little he recites the Sacred Texts, but acts in consent with the teaching, forsaking lust, hatred and ignorance, truly knowing, with mind well freed, clinging to naught here and hereafter, he shares the fruits of the Holy Life. (Dhammapada 20)Make haste in doing good check your mind from evil for the mind of him who is slow in doing meritorious actions delights in evil. (Dhammapada 116) Should a person commit evil, he should not do it again and again he should not find pleasure therein painful is the accumulation of evil. (Dhammapada 117) Should a person perform a meritorious action, he should do it again and again he should find pleasure therein blissful is the accumulation of merit. (Dhammapada 118) The flickering, fickle mind, difficult to guard, di fficult to control the wise person straightens it as a fletcher straightens an arrow. (Dhammapada 33)As a conclusion Buddhist teaching for motivation basically mean self motivation. It is helpful to the people to fulfil their aims and goals certain. atthi attano nto- kohi nto parosiy hoping souls help is useless. Because of that we can get only help from ourself. If someone can think like that he absolutely attains his goals without any barriers.